They also look a bit like discarded urchin spines. Take one out and snap it in half. If it's hollow, it's probably a calcerous tube worm's home. If it's not, it could just be a stick that was in your gravel, or it could also be the urchin spine I mentioned. If one end appears to be rounded with a little ring around it, I'd bet my money it was a spine. I can't be sure, though, since they look a bit wavy and irregular in your picture, if they are like that, then they're probably not spines. Or, they could also be old bits of macroalgae.